HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - Revision history

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-'''HTML (HyperText [[Markup Language]])''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior ([[JavaScript]]). "[[Hypertext]]" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single [[website]] or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the [[Internet]] and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
+'''HTML (HyperText Markup Language)''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior ([[JavaScript]]). "[[Hypertext]]" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single [[website]] or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the [[Internet]] and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''''Development''<br />'''
-In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a [[contractor]] at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a [[system]] for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and [[server]] [[software]] in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN [[data]] systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
+In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
-The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple [[design]] of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house [[Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)]]-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.
+The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.
 HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images, and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of [[Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)|CSS]]. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the [[Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS)|CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System)]] operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.
-Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an [[application]] of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)]] with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document type definition to define the grammar. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.
+Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)]] with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document type definition to define the grammar. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.
-After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a [[standard]] against which future implementations should be based.
+After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.
-Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]]. However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint [[deliverable]] with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
+Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]]. However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
 '''''HTML versions timeline'''''<br />
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 April 1995 (authored March 1995)<br />
 HTML 3.0 was proposed as a standard to the IETF, but the proposal expired five months later (28 September 1995) without further action. It included many of the capabilities that were in Raggett's HTML+ proposal, such as support for tables, text flow around figures and the display of complex mathematical formulas.<br />
-W3C began development of its own Arena browser as a test bed for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets, but HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The draft was considered very large at 150 pages and the pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF. Browser vendors, including Microsoft and Netscape at the time, chose to implement different subsets of HTML 3's draft features as well as to introduce their own extensions to it. These included extensions to [[control]] stylistic aspects of documents, contrary to the "belief [of the academic engineering community] that such things as text color, background texture, font size and font face were definitely outside the scope of a language when their only intent was to specify how a document would be organized." Dave Raggett, who has been a W3C Fellow for many years, has commented for example: "To a certain extent, Microsoft built its [[business]] on the Web by extending HTML features."<br />
+W3C began development of its own Arena browser as a test bed for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets, but HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The draft was considered very large at 150 pages and the pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF. Browser vendors, including Microsoft and Netscape at the time, chose to implement different subsets of HTML 3's draft features as well as to introduce their own extensions to it. These included extensions to control stylistic aspects of documents, contrary to the "belief [of the academic engineering community] that such things as text color, background texture, font size and font face were definitely outside the scope of a language when their only intent was to specify how a document would be organized." Dave Raggett, who has been a W3C Fellow for many years, has commented for example: "To a certain extent, Microsoft built its business on the Web by extending HTML features."<br />
 January 2008<br />
 HTML5 was published as a Working Draft by the W3C.<br />
 Although its syntax closely resembles that of SGML, HTML5 has abandoned any attempt to be an SGML application and has explicitly defined its own "html" serialization, in addition to an alternative XML-based XHTML5 serialization.<br />
 HTML5 – Last Call<br />
-On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad [[interoperability]] for the full specification by 2014, which was the [[target]] date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.<br />
+On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.<br />
 HTML5 – Candidate Recommendation<br />
-In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered as a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG [[organization]] will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.<br />
+In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered as a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.<br />
 In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation. The criterion for advancement to W3C Recommendation is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".<br />
 HTML5 – Proposed Recommendation and Recommendation<br />
 In September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation.<br />
-On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification [[process]] is complete <br />
+On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification process is complete <br />
 '''''XHTML versions''<br />'''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''HTML (HyperText Markup Language)''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript). "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
+'''HTML (HyperText [[Markup Language]])''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior ([[JavaScript]]). "[[Hypertext]]" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single [[website]] or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the [[Internet]] and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 '''''Development''<br />'''
-In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
+In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a [[contractor]] at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a [[system]] for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and [[server]] [[software]] in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN [[data]] systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
-The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house [[Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)]]-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.
+The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple [[design]] of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house [[Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)]]-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.
 HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images, and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of [[Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)|CSS]]. Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the [[Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS)|CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System)]] operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS.
-Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document type definition to define the grammar. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.
+Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an [[application]] of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the [[Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)]] with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly, which included an SGML Document type definition to define the grammar. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.
-After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.
+After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a [[standard]] against which future implementations should be based.
-Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]]. However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
+Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]]. However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint [[deliverable]] with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
 '''''HTML versions timeline'''''<br />
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 April 1995 (authored March 1995)<br />
 HTML 3.0 was proposed as a standard to the IETF, but the proposal expired five months later (28 September 1995) without further action. It included many of the capabilities that were in Raggett's HTML+ proposal, such as support for tables, text flow around figures and the display of complex mathematical formulas.<br />
-W3C began development of its own Arena browser as a test bed for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets, but HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The draft was considered very large at 150 pages and the pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF. Browser vendors, including Microsoft and Netscape at the time, chose to implement different subsets of HTML 3's draft features as well as to introduce their own extensions to it. These included extensions to control stylistic aspects of documents, contrary to the "belief [of the academic engineering community] that such things as text color, background texture, font size and font face were definitely outside the scope of a language when their only intent was to specify how a document would be organized." Dave Raggett, who has been a W3C Fellow for many years, has commented for example: "To a certain extent, Microsoft built its business on the Web by extending HTML features."<br />
+W3C began development of its own Arena browser as a test bed for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets, but HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The draft was considered very large at 150 pages and the pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF. Browser vendors, including Microsoft and Netscape at the time, chose to implement different subsets of HTML 3's draft features as well as to introduce their own extensions to it. These included extensions to [[control]] stylistic aspects of documents, contrary to the "belief [of the academic engineering community] that such things as text color, background texture, font size and font face were definitely outside the scope of a language when their only intent was to specify how a document would be organized." Dave Raggett, who has been a W3C Fellow for many years, has commented for example: "To a certain extent, Microsoft built its [[business]] on the Web by extending HTML features."<br />
 January 2008<br />
 HTML5 was published as a Working Draft by the W3C.<br />
 Although its syntax closely resembles that of SGML, HTML5 has abandoned any attempt to be an SGML application and has explicitly defined its own "html" serialization, in addition to an alternative XML-based XHTML5 serialization.<br />
 HTML5 – Last Call<br />
-On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.<br />
+On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad [[interoperability]] for the full specification by 2014, which was the [[target]] date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.<br />
 HTML5 – Candidate Recommendation<br />
-In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered as a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.<br />
+In July 2012, WHATWG and W3C decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered as a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG [[organization]] will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.<br />
 In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation. The criterion for advancement to W3C Recommendation is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".<br />
 HTML5 – Proposed Recommendation and Recommendation<br />
 In September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation.<br />
-On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification process is complete <br />
+On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification [[process]] is complete <br />
 '''''XHTML versions''<br />'''
@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 </html>
-The first line defines what type of contents the document contains. "<!doctype html>" means the page is written in HTML5. Properly formatted HTML pages should include <html>, <head>, and <body> tags, which are all included in the example above. The page title, metadata, and links to referenced files are placed between the <head> tags. The actual contents of the page go between the <body> tags.
+The first line defines what type of contents the document contains. "<!doctype html>" means the page is written in HTML5. Properly formatted HTML pages should include <html>, <head>, and <body> tags, which are all included in the example above. The page title, [[metadata]], and links to referenced files are placed between the <head> tags. The actual contents of the page go between the <body> tags.
 The web has gone through many changes over the past few decades, but HTML has always been the fundamental language used to develop webpages. Interestingly, while websites have become more advanced and interactive, HTML has actually gotten simpler. If you compare the source of an HTML5 page with a similar page written in HTML 4.01 or XHTML 1.0, the HTML5 page would probably contain less code. This is because modern HTML relies on cascading style sheets or JavaScript to format nearly all the elements within a page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, 26 January 2021
Line 115:		Line 115:

	== References ==		== References ==
−	<references	+	<references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 26 January 2021
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−	== ~~HTML Tags~~ ==	+	== References ==
−	~~HTML tags are the HTML keyword which are surrounded by angle (~~<, >) tag. For example <p> </p> is a HTML tag which is used for paragraph. First tag (<p>) is known as opening tag and the other ( </p>) tag is called closing tag. The syntax of closing tag is same test as opening tag but it contains a forward slash ( / ). Each HTML tags are in pairs <html> </html>. HTML tag are hidden on the web page and they define that how the browser format and display content of that page.	+	<references
−
−	There are some tags which are an exception to this rule and there are closing tags are not required. For example <br>, <img> tag has no closing tag. Every tag have some specific attributes. Attributes are generally assigned a value using the equals sign, but there are some that only need to be declared in the tag.
−
−	Most attributes are optional for most tags, and are only used when you want to change something about the default way a tag is displayed by the browser. However, some tags such as the <img> tag has required attributes such as src and alt which are needed in order for the browser to display the web page properly.

@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 NOTE: Many dynamic websites generate webpages on-the-fly, using a server-side scripting language like PHP or ASP. However, even dynamic pages must be formatted using HTML. Therefore, scripting languages often generate the HTML that is sent to your web browser.
 == HTML Tags ==
-HTML tags are the HTML keyword which are surrounded by angle ( <, >) tag. For example <p> </p> is a HTML tag which is used for paragraph. First tag (<p>) is known as opening tag and the other ( </p>) tag is called closing tag. The syntax of closing tag is same test as opening tag but it contains a forward slash ( / ). Each HTML tags are in pairs <html> </html>. HTML tag are hidden on the web page and they define that how the browser format and display content of that page.
+HTML tags are the HTML keyword which are surrounded by angle (<, >) tag. For example <p> </p> is a HTML tag which is used for paragraph. First tag (<p>) is known as opening tag and the other ( </p>) tag is called closing tag. The syntax of closing tag is same test as opening tag but it contains a forward slash ( / ). Each HTML tags are in pairs <html> </html>. HTML tag are hidden on the web page and they define that how the browser format and display content of that page.
-There are some tags which are an exception to this rule and there are closing tags are not required. For example <br>, <img> tag has no closing tag. Every tag have some specific attributes. Attributes are generally assigned a value using the equals sign, For example border="1" or width="75%", but there are some that only need to be declared in the tag like this: <hr noshade>.
+There are some tags which are an exception to this rule and there are closing tags are not required. For example <br>, <img> tag has no closing tag. Every tag have some specific attributes. Attributes are generally assigned a value using the equals sign, but there are some that only need to be declared in the tag.
 Most attributes are optional for most tags, and are only used when you want to change something about the default way a tag is displayed by the browser. However, some tags such as the <img> tag has required attributes such as src and alt which are needed in order for the browser to display the web page properly.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
-'''HTML Evolution<ref>History of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />
+== HTML Evolution<ref>History of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML Wikipedia]</ref> ==
-''Development''<br />
+'''''Development''<br />'''
 In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee, a contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990 he listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the [[World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)]]. However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO/IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and completed and standardized on 28 October 2014.
-''HTML versions timeline''
+'''''HTML versions timeline'''''<br />
-HTML 2<br />
+''HTML 2<br />''
 November 24, 1995<br />
 HTML 2.0 was published as RFC 1866. Supplemental RFCs added capabilities:<br />
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 January 1997: RFC 2070 (internationalization)<br />
-HTML 3<br />
+''HTML 3<br />''
 January 14, 1997<br />
 HTML 3.2 was published as a W3C Recommendation. It was the first version developed and standardized exclusively by the W3C, as the IETF had closed its HTML Working Group on September 12, 1996.<br />
 Initially code-named "Wilbur", HTML 3.2 dropped math formulas entirely, reconciled overlap among various proprietary extensions and adopted most of Netscape's visual markup tags. Netscape's blink element and Microsoft's marquee element were omitted due to a mutual agreement between the two companies. A markup for mathematical formulas similar to that in HTML was not standardized until 14 months later in MathML.
-HTML 4<br />
+''HTML 4<br />''
 December 18, 1997<br />
 HTML 4.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers three variations:<br />
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 After HTML 4.01, there was no new version of HTML for many years as development of the parallel, [[XML (Extensible Markup Language)|XML]]-based language [[XHTML (EXtensible HyperText Markup Language)|XHTML]] occupied the W3C's HTML Working Group through the early and mid-2000s.<br />
-HTML 5<br />
+''HTML 5<br />''
 October 28, 2014<br />
 HTML5 was published as a W3C Recommendation.<br />
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 HTML 5.2 was published as a W3C Recommendation.<br />
-''HTML draft version timeline''<br />
+'''''HTML draft version timeline''<br />'''
 October 1991<br />
 HTML Tags, an informal CERN document listing 18 HTML tags, was first mentioned in public.<br />
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification process is complete <br />
-''XHTML versions''<br />
+'''''XHTML versions''<br />'''
 XHTML is a separate language that began as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 using XML 1.0. It is no longer being developed as a separate standard.<br />
 XHTML 1.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on January 26, 2000, and was later revised and republished on August 1, 2002. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and 4.01, reformulated in XML, with minor restrictions.<br />
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 An XHTML syntax, known as "XHTML5.1", is being defined alongside HTML5 in the HTML5 draft.<br />
-''Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG''<br />
+'''''Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG''<br />'''
 On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards. The W3C and WHATWG had been publishing competing standards since 2012. While the W3C standard was identical to the WHATWG in 2007 the standards have since progressively diverged due to different design decisions. The WHATWG "Living Standard" had been the de facto web standard for some time.
-'''HTML Example<ref>HTML Example [https://techterms.com/definition/html Techterms]</ref>'''<br />
+== HTML Example<ref>HTML Example [https://techterms.com/definition/html Techterms]</ref> ==
 Below is an example of HTML used to define a basic webpage with a title and a single paragraph of text.
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
-'''Most Used HTML Tags<ref>Overviewing The Most Used HTML Tags [https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/what-is-html Hostinger]</ref>'''<br />
 HTML tags have two main types: block-level and inline tags.
-Block-level elements take up the full available space and always start a new line in the document. Headings and paragraphs are a great example of block tags.
+''Block-Level Tags''
 The three block level tags every HTML document needs to contain are <html>, <head>, and <body>.
@@ Line 141: / Line 149: @@
      <li>List item 3</li>
 </ul>
 Inline Tags
 Many inline tags are used to format text. For example, a <strong></strong> tag would render an element in bold, whereas <em></em> tags would show it in italics.
@@ Line 151: / Line 160: @@
 <img src="/images/example.jpg" alt="Example image">
 If you want to learn more HTML tags, consider checking our complete HTML cheat sheet (which is also available for download).

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 26 January 2021
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−	'''HTML (HyperText Markup Language)''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)\|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript). "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.	+	'''HTML (HyperText Markup Language)''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)\|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript). "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
−
−	HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such as <head>, <title>, <body>, <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <p>, <div>, <span>, <img>, <aside>, <audio>, <canvas>, <datalist>, <details>, <embed>, <nav>, <output>, <progress>, <video>, <ul>, <ol>, <li> and many others. An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by "tags", which consist of the element name surrounded by "<" and ">". The name of an element inside a tag is case insensitive. That is, it can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. For example, the <title> tag can be written as <Title>, <TITLE>, or in any other way.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 26 January 2021
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		+	'''HTML (HyperText Markup Language)''' is the most basic building block of the [[World Wide Web (WWW)\|Web]]. It defines the meaning and structure of web content. Other technologies besides HTML are generally used to describe a web page's appearance/presentation (CSS) or functionality/behavior (JavaScript). "Hypertext" refers to links that connect web pages to one another, either within a single website or between websites. Links are a fundamental aspect of the Web. By uploading content to the Internet and linking it to pages created by other people, you become an active participant in the World Wide Web.
		+
		+	HTML uses "markup" to annotate text, images, and other content for display in a Web browser. HTML markup includes special "elements" such as <head>, <title>, <body>, <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, <p>, <div>, <span>, <img>, <aside>, <audio>, <canvas>, <datalist>, <details>, <embed>, <nav>, <output>, <progress>, <video>, <ul>, <ol>, <li> and many others. An HTML element is set off from other text in a document by "tags", which consist of the element name surrounded by "<" and ">". The name of an element inside a tag is case insensitive. That is, it can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture. For example, the <title> tag can be written as <Title>, <TITLE>, or in any other way.<ref>Definition - What Does HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Mean? [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML MDN]</ref>
		+
		+
	'''HTML Evolution<ref>History of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />		'''HTML Evolution<ref>History of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />