RACI Matrix - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 11 November 2022
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−	The '''RACI Matrix''' , an essential [[IT Governance]] tool, is a responsibility assignment chart that maps out every task, [[milestone]] or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success. The RACI Matrix is also referred to as Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”	+	The '''RACI Matrix''' , an essential [[IT Governance]] tool, is a responsibility assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success. The RACI Matrix is also referred to as Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”

	*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.		*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 22 April 2021
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−	The '''RACI Matrix''' , an essential [[IT Governance]] tool, is a responsibility assignment chart that maps out every task, [[milestone]] or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”	+	The '''RACI Matrix''' , an essential [[IT Governance]] tool, is a responsibility assignment chart that maps out every task, [[milestone]] or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success. The RACI Matrix is also referred to as Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”

	*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.		*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 1 April 2020
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−	The '''RACI Matrix''' is a ~~responsiblity~~ assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”	+	The '''RACI Matrix''' , an essential [[IT Governance]] tool, is a responsibility assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”

	*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.		*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.

@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 [[Risk_Management|Risk Management]]<br />
 [[IT_Strategy_(Information_Technology_Strategy)|Technology Strategic Planning]]<br />
 [[Business_Strategy|Business Strategy]]<br />
 [[Corporate_Governance|Corporate Governance]]<br />

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 *Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.
 *Accountable (or Approver): This identifies the individual that approves the completed activity. Since a review is required before an approval, this individual is accountable for making sure the activity is satisfactory and meets performance standards. This person could also be the one who delegates the work. There must be only one accountable person specified for each task.
-*Consulted: This role describes those whose knowledge and expertise is important for the task to be completed effectively. Those consulted could be subject matter experts (SMEs) and there is a two-way communication between those responsible and those consulted. This role is a support role, helping through their expertise to enable the completion of tasks or deliverables.
+*Consulted: This role describes those whose knowledge and expertise is important for the task to be completed effectively. Those consulted could be [[Subject Matter Expert (SME)|subject matter experts (SMEs)]] and there is a two-way communication between those responsible and those consulted. This role is a support role, helping through their expertise to enable the completion of tasks or deliverables.
 *Informed: This role refers to those who should be kept up to date about the activities being performed, the progress made on them, or their completion. Sometimes the communication occurs only when the task is completed, but that should be agreed upon. It consists of one-way communications.
-[[File:RACI_Matrix.jpg|200px|RACI Matrix Template]]<br />
+[[File:RACI_Matrix.jpg|600px|RACI Matrix Template]]<br />
 source: Smartsheet
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 '''Creating a RACI Matrix<ref>Creating a RACI Matrix [https://www.smartsheet.com/comprehensive-project-management-guide-everything-raci Smartsheet]</ref>'''<br />
 A RACI chart is a matrix of all project activities associated with the responsible people or roles. “All project activities” includes everything from the day you begin, such as planning, test, design, support, etc. Creating a RACI matrix involves the following steps:
-*Decide how to chart the matrix— You can use any number of tools or templates, including a spreadsheet, whiteboard, or software solution.
+*Decide how to chart the matrix — You can use any number of tools or templates, including a spreadsheet, whiteboard, or software solution.
-*Identify the project tasks (or deliverables)—Meet with key stakeholders to develop a list of project tasks. For this discussion, “tasks” include activities such as meetings or events that must take place, as well as deliverables such as features or products. Tasks are labeled across the X or Y axis of the matrix. For example, if you are charting a software project developed under Agile, the Sprint Demo Meeting may be a required activity and should be included in the matrix as a task.  Don’t forget to add maintenance of the RACI Matrix as a task. The project manager usually maintains the RACI Matrix.
+*Identify the project tasks (or [[Deliverable|deliverables]]) — Meet with key [[Stakeholder|stakeholders]] to develop a list of project tasks. For this discussion, “tasks” include activities such as meetings or events that must take place, as well as deliverables such as features or products. Tasks are labeled across the X or Y axis of the matrix. For example, if you are charting a software project developed under Agile, the Sprint Demo Meeting may be a required activity and should be included in the matrix as a task.  Don’t forget to add maintenance of the RACI Matrix as a task. The project manager usually maintains the RACI Matrix.
-*Identify the project roles—Project roles are labeled down the axis of the matrix that was not used for tasks. The project roles make the matrix more understandable and can be useful for adding data you may have forgotten. As you identify roles, you’ll remember tasks for those roles, so add them to the task axis. Also, the task axis is useful for identifying roles and clarifying resource allocation. This is a good time to assign names to roles as well - one name per role is optimal.
+*Identify the project roles — Project roles are labeled down the axis of the matrix that was not used for tasks. The project roles make the matrix more understandable and can be useful for adding data you may have forgotten. As you identify roles, you’ll remember tasks for those roles, so add them to the task axis. Also, the task axis is useful for identifying roles and clarifying resource allocation. This is a good time to assign names to roles as well - one name per role is optimal.
-*Label the intersections of the axes—Where the X and Y axes intersect, label the intersection with an R, A, C, or I to finalize the matrix with who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, or Informed on each task.
+*Label the intersections of the axes — Where the X and Y axes intersect, label the intersection with an R, A, C, or I to finalize the matrix with who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, or Informed on each task.
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
-RACI Matrix Best Practices
+'''RACI Matrix Best Practices<ref>RACI Matrix Best Practices [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html CIO]</ref>'''<br />
 Simply creating a RACI matrix is not enough. You must ensure that the matrix maps to a successful strategy. Here, conflicts and ambiguities in the plan must be hammered out. Resolving conflicts and ambiguities in a RACI matrix involves looking across each row and up and down each column for the following:
 *Analysis for each stakeholder:
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 **Buy-in: Does each stakeholder totally agree with the role that they are specified to play in this version of the model? When such agreement is achieved, that should be included in the project's charter and documentation.
 *Analysis for each PLC step or deliverable:
-No R's: Who is doing the work in this step and getting things done? Whose role is it to take the initiative?
+**No R's: Who is doing the work in this step and getting things done? Whose role is it to take the initiative?
-Too many R's: Is this another sign of too many "cooks in this kitchen" to keep things moving?
+**Too many R's: Is this another sign of too many "cooks in this kitchen" to keep things moving?
-No A's: Who is Accountable? There must be one 'A' for every step of the PLC. One stakeholder must be Accountable for the thing happening -- "the buck stops" with this person.
+**No A's: Who is Accountable? There must be one 'A' for every step of the PLC. One stakeholder must be Accountable for the thing happening -- "the buck stops" with this person.
-More than one A: Is there confusion on decision rights? Stakeholders with accountability have the final say on how the work should be done and how conflicts are resolved. Multiple A's invite slow and contentious decision-making.
+**More than one A: Is there confusion on decision rights? Stakeholders with accountability have the final say on how the work should be done and how conflicts are resolved. Multiple A's invite slow and contentious decision-making.
-Every box filled in: Do all the stakeholders really need to be involved? Are there justifiable benefits in involving all the stakeholders, or is this just covering all the bases?
+**Every box filled in: Do all the stakeholders really need to be involved? Are there justifiable benefits in involving all the stakeholders, or is this just covering all the bases?
-A lot of C's: Do all the stakeholders need to be routinely Consulted, or can they be kept Informed and raise exceptional circumstances if they feel they need to be Consulted? Too many C's in the loop really slows down the project.
+**A lot of C's: Do all the stakeholders need to be routinely Consulted, or can they be kept Informed and raise exceptional circumstances if they feel they need to be Consulted? Too many C's in the loop really slows down the project.
-Are all true stakeholders included in this model: Sometimes this is more of a challenge to ensure, as it's an error of omission. This is often best addressed by a steering committee or management team.
+**Are all true stakeholders included in this model: Sometimes this is more of a challenge to ensure, as it's an error of omission. This is often best addressed by a steering committee or management team.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''RACI Matrix''' is a responsiblity assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref>First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”
+The '''RACI Matrix''' is a responsiblity assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref> First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”
 *Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.
@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 **Consulted: Those whose opinions are sought; and with whom there is two-way communication.
 **Informed: Those who are informed after the decision is made; and with whom there is one-way communication.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 1 April 2020
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−	The '''RACI Matrix''' is a responsiblity assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref>	+	The '''RACI Matrix''' is a responsiblity assignment chart that maps out every task, milestone or key decision involved in completing a project and assigns which roles are ''Responsible'' for each action item, which personnel are ''Accountable'', and, where appropriate, who needs to be ''Consulted'' or ''Informed''. The acronym RACI stands for the four roles that stakeholders might play in any project. A RACI matrix (aka RACI Chart) is the simplest, most effective means for defining and documenting project roles and responsibilities. Knowing exactly who is responsible, who is accountable, who needs to be consulted, and who must be kept informed at every step will significantly improve your chances of project success.<ref>Definition - What Does the RACI Matrix Mean? [https://www.cio.com/article/2395825/project-management-how-to-design-a-successful-raci-project-plan.html cio.com]</ref>First introduced in the 1950s, RACI was originally called the “Decision Rights Matrix” and is also known as “Responsibility Charting.”
		+
		+	*Responsible: This refers to those individuals responsible for performing the task and making sure the work is done. Naturally, for every task identified there needs to be at least one individual assigned as Responsible, who makes sure that the task is performed according to specifications and as required by the approver. Others may assist or lend support, but they work as resources allocated to those responsible and this arrangement keeps accountabilities in place.
		+	*Accountable (or Approver): This identifies the individual that approves the completed activity. Since a review is required before an approval, this individual is accountable for making sure the activity is satisfactory and meets performance standards. This person could also be the one who delegates the work. There must be only one accountable person specified for each task.
		+	*Consulted: This role describes those whose knowledge and expertise is important for the task to be completed effectively. Those consulted could be subject matter experts (SMEs) and there is a two-way communication between those responsible and those consulted. This role is a support role, helping through their expertise to enable the completion of tasks or deliverables.
		+	*Informed: This role refers to those who should be kept up to date about the activities being performed, the progress made on them, or their completion. Sometimes the communication occurs only when the task is completed, but that should be agreed upon. It consists of one-way communications.
		+
		+
		+	[[File:RACI_Matrix.jpg\|200px\|RACI Matrix Template]]<br />
		+	source: Smartsheet
		+
		+
		+	'''Creating a RACI Matrix<ref>Creating a RACI Matrix [https://www.smartsheet.com/comprehensive-project-management-guide-everything-raci Smartsheet]</ref>'''<br />
		+	A RACI chart is a matrix of all project activities associated with the responsible people or roles. “All project activities” includes everything from the day you begin, such as planning, test, design, support, etc. Creating a RACI matrix involves the following steps:
		+	*Decide how to chart the matrix— You can use any number of tools or templates, including a spreadsheet, whiteboard, or software solution.
		+	*Identify the project tasks (or deliverables)—Meet with key stakeholders to develop a list of project tasks. For this discussion, “tasks” include activities such as meetings or events that must take place, as well as deliverables such as features or products. Tasks are labeled across the X or Y axis of the matrix. For example, if you are charting a software project developed under Agile, the Sprint Demo Meeting may be a required activity and should be included in the matrix as a task. Don’t forget to add maintenance of the RACI Matrix as a task. The project manager usually maintains the RACI Matrix.
		+	*Identify the project roles—Project roles are labeled down the axis of the matrix that was not used for tasks. The project roles make the matrix more understandable and can be useful for adding data you may have forgotten. As you identify roles, you’ll remember tasks for those roles, so add them to the task axis. Also, the task axis is useful for identifying roles and clarifying resource allocation. This is a good time to assign names to roles as well - one name per role is optimal.
		+	*Label the intersections of the axes—Where the X and Y axes intersect, label the intersection with an R, A, C, or I to finalize the matrix with who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, or Informed on each task.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
-Alternatives to and Variations of RACI
+'''Alternatives to and Variations of RACI<ref>Alternatives to and Variations of RACI [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_assignment_matrix Wikipedia]</ref>'''<br />
 There are a number of alternatives to the RACI participation types:
 *PARIS: This is an early version of a Responsibility Assignment Matrix, with the roles defined as:
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 **Quality: Reviews scope as it progresses to detect poor quality and escalates to decision maker as so. (Does not general nominal scope).
 **Assist: Provides skill based effort with capacity to complete scope, in assistance to the primary. (Does not manage dependencies through coordination).
-DCI
+*DCI: A minimal set of decision making categories used in organisation design or roles analysis.
-A minimal set of decision making categories used in organisation design or roles analysis.
+**Decision Maker: Individual(s) who makes the decision and is accountable for its impact on the business.
-Decision Maker
+**Consulted: Individual(s) accountable for providing guidance based on functional expertise and experience, highlighting issues and raising alternatives to support the Decision Maker.
-Individual(s) who makes the decision and is accountable for its impact on the business.
+**Informed: Impacted stakeholder(s) are notified after the decision has been made and who will need to support the execution of the decision.
-Consulted
+*RASCEIO: To be used when working on governance, risk, compliance (GRC) and outsourcing matters:
-Individual(s) accountable for providing guidance based on functional expertise and experience, highlighting issues and raising alternatives to support the Decision Maker.
+**Responsible
-Informed
+**Accountable
-Impacted stakeholder(s) are notified after the decision has been made and who will need to support the execution of the decision.
+**Support
-RASCEIO
+**Consult
-To be used when working on governance, risk, compliance (GRC) and outsourcing matters:
+**Execute: 3rd parties contracted to execute activities in accordance with a service level agreement
-Responsible
+There are also a number of variations to the meaning of RACI participation types:
-Accountable
+*RACI (alternative scheme): There is an alternative coding, less widely published but used by some practitioners and process mapping software, which modifies the application of the R and A codes of the original scheme. The overall methodology remains the same but this alternative avoids potential confusion of the terms accountable and responsible, which may be understood by management professionals but not always so clearly differentiated by others:
-Support
+**Responsible: Those responsible for the performance of the task. There should be exactly one person with this assignment for each task.
-Consult
+**Assists: Those who assist completion of the task
-Execute
+**Consulted: Those whose opinions are sought; and with whom there is two-way communication.
-rd parties contracted to execute activities in accordance with a service level agreement
+**Informed: Those who are kept up-to-date on progress; and with whom there is one-way communication.
-Inform
+*ARCI (decisions): This alternative is focused only on documenting who has the authority to make which decisions. This can work across all sized work groups.
-Overview
+**Accountable: Authorized to approve an answer to the decision.
-Key GRC roles, such as risk owner, policy owner - where accountability is devolved, but a role is needed to oversee whether accountabilities all fit together
+**Responsible: Responsible to recommend an answer to the decision.