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'''Scorched Earth Defense''' is a military strategy that involves destroying everything in an area to prevent an enemy from using the resources and infrastructure there. This includes burning crops, demolishing buildings, and poisoning wells, among other tactics. The goal of scorched earth defense is to make an area uninhabitable and unusable for the enemy, making it more difficult for them to advance or sustain their campaign.

Scorched earth defense has been used throughout history, often as a last resort when faced with overwhelming military force. It has been used by defenders in ancient times, such as the Persians against the invading Greeks, and by more recent armies, such as the Russians during Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 and during World War II by the Soviet Union against the invading German army.

While scorched earth defense can effectively prevent an enemy from using an area's resources, it can also have significant human and environmental costs. Scorched earth tactics often result in the displacement of civilian populations, loss of infrastructure, and destruction of natural resources. In some cases, scorched earth tactics have been used as a form of retaliation or punishment against civilian populations.

Today, the use of scorched earth defense is generally discouraged by international law, which seeks to limit the harm done to civilians and the environment during wartime. However, the strategy remains a viable option in extreme circumstances, particularly for those facing an existential threat to their survival.

When used judiciously and within the bounds of international law, scorched earth defense can be an effective means of denying an enemy access to resources and slowing their advance. However, the strategy is controversial due to its potential impact on civilians and the environment and should be used only as a last resort.

In addition to military applications, scorched earth tactics have been used in other contexts as well. For example, during the American Civil War, Union General William T. Sherman implemented a scorched earth strategy during his famous March to the Sea. He destroyed Confederate infrastructure and resources across Georgia to demoralize the enemy and hasten the end of the war.

More recently, "scorched earth" has been used metaphorically to describe political tactics to destroy an opponent's reputation or credibility, such as spreading false information or character assassination.

In business, the term "scorched earth" may refer to a strategy in which a company takes aggressive action to gain a competitive advantage by destroying resources or limiting access to them for its competitors. This may include actions such as patenting key technologies or acquiring critical suppliers, which can limit the ability of competitors to develop or produce similar products.

While this strategy may be effective in the short term, it can have negative long-term consequences for the industry, including reduced innovation and higher consumer costs. It may also lead to regulatory scrutiny or legal action, particularly if it is anti-competitive.

In contrast, a more collaborative approach to the competition, such as open innovation, can benefit individual companies and the industry. This involves sharing resources and knowledge between companies to drive innovation and create value for customers.

Overall, while there may be some parallels between the military strategy of scorched earth defense and business strategy, it is important for companies to consider the broader implications of their actions and to seek sustainable and collaborative approaches to competition.


== See Also ==
[[Competitive Advantage]]