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Difference between revisions of "Quantum Computing"

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== See Also ==
 
== See Also ==
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[[Affective Computing]]<br />
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[[Cloud Computing]]<br />
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[[Big Data]]<br />
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[[Predictive Analytics]]<br />
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[[Artificial Intelligence (AI)]]<br />
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[[Artificial Neural Network (ANN)]]<br />
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[[Data Mining]]<br />
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[[Data Analysis]]<br />
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[[Data Analytics]]<br />
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[[Machine Learning]]]<br />
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[[Quantum Computing]]<br />
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[[Statistical Analysis]]<br />
  
  

Revision as of 18:27, 12 July 2019

Quantum computing is a theoretical computing model that uses a very different form of data handling to perform calculations. The emergence of quantum computing is based on a new kind of data unit that could be called non-binary, as it has more than two possible values. A traditional computer works on bits of data that are binary, or Boolean, with only two possible values: 0 or 1. In contrast, a quantum bit, or "qubit," has possible values of 1, 0 or a superposition of 1 and 0, in the case of an unknown value. According to scientists, qubits are based on physical atoms and molecular structures. However, many find it helpful to theorize a qubit as a binary data unit with superposition.[1]


Quantum Computing Fundamentals[2]

All computing systems rely on a fundamental ability to store and manipulate information. Current computers manipulate individual bits, which store information as binary 0 and 1 states. Quantum computers leverage quantum mechanical phenomena to manipulate information. To do this, they rely on quantum bits, or qubits.

Three quantum mechanical properties — superposition, entanglement, and interference — are used in quantum computing to manipulate the state of a qubit.

Superposition Superposition refers to a combination of states we would ordinarily describe independently. To make a classical analogy, if you play two musical notes at once, what you will hear is a superposition of the two notes.

Quantum Computing - Supposition

Entanglement Entanglement is a famously counter-intuitive quantum phenomenon describing behavior we never see in the classical world. Entangled particles behave together as a system in ways that cannot be explained using classical logic.


Quantum Computing - Entanglement


Interference Finally, quantum states can undergo interference due to a phenomenon known as phase. Quantum interference can be understood similarly to wave interference; when two waves are in phase, their amplitudes add, and when they are out of phase, their amplitudes cancel.

Quantum Computing - Interference


Quantum Computing Models[3]

There are a number of quantum computing models, distinguished by the basic elements in which the computation is decomposed. The four main models of practical importance are:

  • Quantum gate array (computation decomposed into a sequence of few-qubit quantum gates)
  • One-way quantum computer (computation decomposed into a sequence of one-qubit measurements applied to a highly entangled initial state or cluster state)
  • Adiabatic quantum computer, based on quantum annealing (computation decomposed into a slow continuous transformation of an initial Hamiltonian into a final Hamiltonian, whose ground states contain the solution)
  • Topological quantum computer(computation decomposed into the braiding of anyons in a 2D lattice)

The quantum Turing machine is theoretically important but the direct implementation of this model is not pursued. All four models of computation have been shown to be equivalent; each can simulate the other with no more than polynomial overhead.


See Also

Affective Computing
Cloud Computing
Big Data
Predictive Analytics
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Data Mining
Data Analysis
Data Analytics
Machine Learning]
Quantum Computing
Statistical Analysis


References

  1. Definition: What is Quantum Computing? Techopedia
  2. Quantum Computing Fundamentals IBM
  3. Quantum Computing Models Wikipedia


Further Reading